MERS-CoV

Clinical Features

MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) is a viral respiratory illness caused by MERS-CoV, a betacoronavirus likely originating from bats, with camels implicated as intermediate hosts. First reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia, it presents as:

• Fever and chills
• Dry cough (occasionally with blood)
• Shortness of breath
• Gastrointestinal symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting
• Severe cases: pneumonia, respiratory failure, and kidney dysfunction

Most severe cases occur in patients with underlying conditions. Mortality is approximately 35-40%.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR testing of respiratory specimens. Additional evaluations may include:

• Serologic testing (anti-MERS-CoV antibodies)
• Chest imaging (for pneumonia)
• Renal and liver function tests in complicated cases

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral or approved vaccine. Management is supportive:

• Oxygen and respiratory support
• Symptom management and hydration
• Treatment of complications as needed

Prevention focuses on minimizing contact with camels and applying strict infection control, especially in healthcare settings.